關(guān)于濟(jì)南塑料袋的加工工藝要注意什么？

來源：http://lihot.net/ 日期：2025-02-25

在現(xiàn)代生活中，塑料袋幾乎無處不在，從購物到日常包裝，它為我們提供了極大的便利。但它也引發(fā)了諸多環(huán)境問題，讓我們一起來深入了解塑料袋。

In modern life, plastic bags are almost everywhere, from supermarket shopping to daily packaging, providing us with great convenience. But it has also caused many environmental problems, let's delve into plastic bags together.

一、定義與成分

1、 Definition and Composition

塑料袋是以通用塑料樹脂為主要原料，或塑料與其他材料復(fù)合制成的袋制品。其主要成分包括：

Plastic bags are bag products made primarily from general-purpose plastic resins or composite plastics with other materials. Its main components include:

合成樹脂：這是塑料袋的基礎(chǔ)成分，常見的有聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）、聚氯乙烯（PVC） 等。聚乙烯又可細(xì)分為高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）等。HDPE 質(zhì)地較硬，常用于制作裝重物的袋子；LDPE 則柔軟有韌性，像常見的購物袋多由它制成。PP 具有良好的耐熱性和耐腐蝕性，常被用于食品包裝。而 PVC 雖有較好的機(jī)械強度和耐化學(xué)腐蝕性，但熱穩(wěn)定性差，高溫下可能分解出有毒物質(zhì)，在食品包裝領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用受限 。

Synthetic resin: This is the basic component of plastic bags, commonly including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), etc. Polyethylene can be further divided into high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), etc. HDPE has a relatively hard texture and is commonly used to make bags for carrying heavy objects; LDPE is soft and tough, and is commonly used to make supermarket shopping bags. PP has good heat resistance and corrosion resistance, and is often used in food packaging. Although PVC has good mechanical strength and chemical corrosion resistance, it has poor thermal stability and may decompose into toxic substances at high temperatures, which limits its application in the field of food packaging.

添加劑：為了改善塑料袋的性能，會添加多種添加劑。比如增塑劑，能增加塑料的柔韌性和可塑性，鄰苯二甲酸酯類是常用的增塑劑，但部分增塑劑對人體健康有潛在危害 ；穩(wěn)定劑可提高塑料在加工和使用過程中的穩(wěn)定性，防止其受熱、光等因素影響而分解；著色劑賦予塑料袋各種顏色，不過一些劣質(zhì)著色劑可能含有有害物質(zhì)；填充劑能降低成本，還可改善塑料的某些性能，如提高耐熱性等；阻燃劑則賦予塑料袋抗火能力 。

Additives: In order to improve the performance of plastic bags, various additives are added. For example, plasticizers can increase the flexibility and plasticity of plastics. Phthalates are commonly used plasticizers, but some plasticizers have potential harm to human health; Stabilizers can improve the stability of plastics during processing and use, preventing them from decomposing due to factors such as heat and light; Colorants give plastic bags various colors, but some inferior colorants may contain harmful substances; Fillers can reduce costs and improve certain properties of plastics, such as increasing heat resistance; Flame retardants endow plastic bags with fire resistance.

二、種類與用途

2、 Type and purpose

塑料購物袋：常見的類型，一般由 LDPE 或 PP 制成，用于日常購物時盛裝物品，方便攜帶 。

Plastic shopping bag: The most common type, usually made of LDPE or PP, used for daily shopping to hold items and facilitate carrying.

塑料手提袋：帶有手提帶，常用于快餐外賣、禮品包裝等。通常采用厚膜 HDPE 制作，比普通購物袋更牢固耐用 。

Plastic tote bag: with a carrying strap, commonly used for fast food delivery, gift packaging, etc. Usually made of thick film HDPE, it is more sturdy and durable than ordinary shopping bags.

塑料食品袋：專門用于包裝食品，像透明塑料袋、真空塑料袋、拉鏈袋等。多使用食品級的 LDPE 或 PP，有良好的密封性，能保證食品的新鮮度和衛(wèi)生 。

Plastic food bags: specifically used for packaging food, such as transparent plastic bags, vacuum plastic bags, zipper bags, etc. Use food grade LDPE or PP more often, which have good sealing properties and can ensure the freshness and hygiene of food.

塑料垃圾袋：用于收集和丟棄垃圾，有各種容量和尺寸，顏色多樣，便于垃圾分類和識別 。

Plastic garbage bags: used for collecting and disposing of garbage, with various capacities and sizes, diverse colors, and easy garbage classification and identification.

塑料封袋：可密封，常用于包裝小件物品、文具、化妝品等，有透明的或帶有印刷圖案的，具備一次性封口功能 。

Plastic sealing bag: It can be sealed and is commonly used for packaging small items, stationery, cosmetics, etc. It has transparent or printed patterns and has a disposable sealing function.

可降解塑料袋：以生物降解塑料樹脂為主要原料，如聚乳酸（PLA）、聚己二酸 / 對苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）等。在自然環(huán)境中能被微生物分解為無害物質(zhì)，能有效減少對環(huán)境的污染。選購時可查看產(chǎn)品標(biāo)識上是否有可降解的 JJ 標(biāo)志，以及材質(zhì)說明是否為可降解塑料 。

Degradable plastic bags: mainly made of biodegradable plastic resins such as polylactic acid (PLA), poly (adipic acid/butylene terephthalate) (PBAT), etc. It can be decomposed into harmless substances by microorganisms in the natural environment, effectively reducing pollution to the environment. When making a purchase, you can check whether there is a biodegradable JJ logo on the product label and whether the material description is made of biodegradable plastic.

三、加工工藝

3、 Processing technology

原料準(zhǔn)備：傳統(tǒng)塑料袋原料多從石油副產(chǎn)品中提煉，呈顆粒狀。如今也有從玉米淀粉或土豆淀粉中提煉的可生物降解原料，這種原料既能減少對石油等能源的依賴，又能降低環(huán)境污染 。

Raw material preparation: Traditional plastic bag raw materials are mostly extracted from petroleum by-products and are in granular form. Nowadays, there are also biodegradable raw materials extracted from corn starch or potato starch, which can reduce dependence on energy sources such as oil and reduce environmental pollution.

熔融塑化：將塑料顆粒送入擠出機(jī)，在高溫下加熱熔融狀態(tài)，使其成為可塑形的流體 。

Melt plasticization: sending plastic particles into an extruder and heating them to a molten state at high temperatures, making them a moldable fluid.

成型：

forming:

吹模成型：這是常見的方法，將熔融的塑料通過特定模具擠出成管狀，然后向管內(nèi)吹氣，使其膨脹成中空的袋狀結(jié)構(gòu)，冷卻后即形成塑料袋 。

Blow molding: This is a common method of extruding molten plastic into a tube shape through a specific mold, and then blowing air into the tube to expand it into a hollow bag like structure. After cooling, the plastic bag is formed.

注塑成型：把熔化的塑料注入模具型腔，經(jīng)冷卻固化成型 。

Injection molding: Injecting melted plastic into the mold cavity, cooling and solidifying it into shape.

熱壓成型：利用熱和壓力使塑料片材成型 。

Hot pressing: Using heat and pressure to shape plastic sheets.

擠壓成型：原料在螺桿的推動下通過特定模具，形成連續(xù)的塑料制品 。

Extrusion molding: Raw materials are pushed through a specific mold by a screw to form continuous plastic products.

后續(xù)處理：包括冷卻、拉伸（增強薄膜強度和耐用性）、卷膜、切割、封口、印刷（添加標(biāo)識、圖案或文字）等步驟，進(jìn)行質(zhì)量檢查，確保尺寸、厚度、印刷質(zhì)量以及封口強度等符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 。

Subsequent processing: including cooling, stretching (to enhance film strength and durability), film rolling, cutting, sealing, printing (adding brand logo, pattern or text), etc. Finally, quality inspection is carried out to ensure that the size, thickness, printing quality, and sealing strength meet the standards.

四、優(yōu)缺點

4、 Advantages and disadvantages

優(yōu)點

advantage

質(zhì)輕便攜：重量輕，方便攜帶和使用，無論是購物還是日常生活中的物品收納都很便利 。

Lightweight and portable: Lightweight, easy to carry and use, convenient for both shopping and daily storage of items.

成本低廉：原料易得，生產(chǎn)工藝相對簡單，成本較低，這使得它能夠廣泛應(yīng)用 。

Low cost: The raw materials are easily available, the production process is relatively simple, and the cost is low, which makes it widely applicable.

防水隔氣：具有良好的防水和隔氣性能，可有效保護(hù)所裝物品不受潮、不被氧化 。

Waterproof and gas barrier: It has good waterproof and gas barrier properties, which can effectively protect the contents from moisture and oxidation.

強度較高：在一定程度上能承受一定重量的物品，不易破裂 。

High strength: objects that can withstand a certain weight to a certain extent and are not easily broken.

用途廣泛：適用于各種領(lǐng)域，從日常生活到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)都離不開它 。

Widely applicable: Suitable for various fields, from daily life to industrial production, it is indispensable.

缺點

disadvantage

難降解：在自然環(huán)境中很難降解，可能需要數(shù)十年甚數(shù)百年才能分解，這導(dǎo)致大量塑料袋堆積，對土壤、海洋等造成嚴(yán)重污染 。

Difficult to degrade: It is difficult to degrade in natural environments and may take decades or even hundreds of years to decompose, leading to a large accumulation of plastic bags and causing serious pollution to soil, oceans, and other areas.

易飄散：體積輕，容易被風(fēng)吹起，造成視覺污染，還可能被動物誤食，危害動物健康和生命 。

Easy to scatter: light in size, easily blown by the wind, causing visual pollution, and may also be ingested by animals, endangering animal health and life.

存在隱患：部分塑料袋含有有害物質(zhì)，如再生塑料袋使用的著色劑可能含有苯并芘，有致癌風(fēng)險；塑化劑在接觸高溫、油脂食品時會溶出，危害人體健康 。非食品用塑料袋中的聚氯乙烯，加熱后會產(chǎn)生二惡英等有害物質(zhì) 。

There are safety hazards: some plastic bags contain harmful substances, such as the coloring agent used in recycled plastic bags may contain benzo [a] pyrene, which poses a carcinogenic risk; Plasticizers can dissolve when exposed to high temperatures and oily foods, posing a threat to human health. Polyvinyl chloride in non food plastic bags can produce harmful substances such as dioxins when heated.

五、問題與應(yīng)對措施

5、 Environmental Protection Issues and Countermeasures

問題：塑料袋帶來的 “白色污染” 日益嚴(yán)重，大量廢棄塑料袋堆積在土地中，影響土壤透氣性和肥力，阻礙植物根系生長；流入海洋后，威脅海洋生物的生存，被海洋生物誤食會導(dǎo)致其生病甚死亡 。

Environmental issues: The "white pollution" caused by plastic bags is becoming increasingly serious. A large number of discarded plastic bags are piled up in the soil, affecting soil permeability and fertility, and hindering plant root growth; After entering the ocean, it poses a threat to the survival of marine organisms, and being ingested by marine organisms can lead to illness or even death.

應(yīng)對措施：

Response measures:

政策法規(guī)：許多和地區(qū)出臺了相關(guān)政策，如 “限塑令”“禁塑令”。2007 年 12 月 31 日，頒布 “限塑令”，自 2008 年 6 月 1 日起，在全國范圍內(nèi)禁止生產(chǎn)、銷售、使用厚度小于 0.025 毫米的塑料購物袋 ，并在所有銷售場所實行塑料購物袋有償使用制度 。

Policies and regulations: Many countries and regions have introduced relevant policies, such as "plastic restriction orders" and "plastic ban orders". On December 31, 2007, China issued the "Plastic Restriction Order", which prohibited the production, sale, and use of plastic shopping bags with a thickness less than 0.025 millimeters nationwide from June 1, 2008, and implemented a paid use system for plastic shopping bags in all sales venues.

推廣可降解塑料袋：鼓勵使用可降解塑料袋，加大對可降解塑料研發(fā)和生產(chǎn)的支持力度，降低成本，提高其市場占有率 。

Promote biodegradable plastic bags: Encourage the use of biodegradable plastic bags, increase support for the research and production of biodegradable plastics, reduce costs, and increase their market share.

提高公眾意識：通過宣傳教育，提高公眾對塑料袋危害的認(rèn)識，倡導(dǎo)減少使用塑料袋，使用袋等替代品 。

Raise public awareness of environmental protection: Through publicity and education, raise public awareness of the hazards of plastic bags, advocate reducing the use of plastic bags, and using environmentally friendly alternatives such as bags.

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